{"id":113,"date":"2026-04-23T15:00:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T13:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/federal-surveillance-tools-and-tactics-an-explainer\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T15:00:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T13:00:24","slug":"federal-surveillance-tools-and-tactics-an-explainer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/federal-surveillance-tools-and-tactics-an-explainer\/","title":{"rendered":"Federal surveillance tools and tactics: An explainer"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"sharing\">\n<div class=\"social-icons\">\n<div class=\"simplesocialbuttons simplesocial-round-icon simplesocialbuttons_inline simplesocialbuttons-align-right simplesocialbuttons-inline-no-animation\">\n<button class=\"simplesocial-fb-share\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\"  aria-label=\"Facebook Share\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/federal-surveillance-tools-tactics-explainer\/\" onClick=\"javascript:window.open(this.dataset.href, '', 'menubar=no,toolbar=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,height=600,width=600');return false;\"><span class=\"simplesocialtxt\">Facebook <\/span> <\/button><br \/>\n<button class=\"simplesocial-twt-share\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\"  aria-label=\"Twitter Share\" data-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Federal+surveillance+tools+and+tactics%3A+An+explainer&#038;url=https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/federal-surveillance-tools-tactics-explainer\/\" onClick=\"javascript:window.open(this.dataset.href, '', 'menubar=no,toolbar=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,height=600,width=600');return false;\"><span class=\"simplesocialtxt\">Twitter<\/span> <\/button><br \/>\n<button  rel=\"nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\"  class=\"simplesocial-linkedin-share\" aria-label=\"LinkedIn Share\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/federal-surveillance-tools-tactics-explainer\/\" onClick=\"javascript:window.open(this.dataset.href, '', 'menubar=no,toolbar=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,height=600,width=600');return false;\"><span class=\"simplesocialtxt\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/button><br \/>\n<button class=\"simplesocial-reddit-share\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\"  aria-label=\"Reddit Share\" data-href=\"https:\/\/reddit.com\/submit?url=https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/federal-surveillance-tools-tactics-explainer\/&#038;title=Federal+surveillance+tools+and+tactics%3A+An+explainer\" onClick=\"javascript:window.open(this.dataset.href, '', 'menubar=no,toolbar=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,height=600,width=600');return false;\" ><span class=\"simplesocialtxt\">Reddit<\/span> <\/button><br \/>\n<button onClick=\"javascript:window.location.href = this.dataset.href;return false;\" class=\"simplesocial-email-share\" aria-label=\"Share through Email\"  rel=\"nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\"   data-href=\"mailto:?subject=Federal surveillance tools and tactics%3A An explainer&#038;body=https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/federal-surveillance-tools-tactics-explainer\/\"><span class=\"simplesocialtxt\">Email<\/span><\/button>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>As protesters gathered earlier this year in Minneapolis and other U.S. cities in opposition to federal immigration policy, news organizations like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/tag\/ice\/\">404 Media<\/a> revealed the tools and tactics that federal officers and agents have been using to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2026\/03\/04\/nx-s1-5717031\/ice-dhs-immigrants-surveillance-confrontation-deportation-mobile-fortify\">monitor citizens and non-citizens<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>While a small number of news outlets have done extensive investigations, there remains much reporting left to do on federal surveillance capabilities, according to two experts we recently spoke with &#8212; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/privacy-technology-center\/about-us\/people\/marianna-poyares\/\">Marianna Poyares<\/a>, a fellow at the Center on Privacy and Technology at Georgetown Law, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/about\/leadership\/rachel-levinson-waldman\">Rachel Levinson-Waldman<\/a>, director of the Liberty and National Security Program at New York University\u2019s Brennan Center.<\/p>\n<p>This explainer will get reporters up to speed on some of the technologies federal officers and agents have access to that can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/ice-taps-into-nationwide-ai-enabled-camera-network-data-shows\/\">read license plates<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/how-a-us-citizen-was-scanned-with-ices-facial-recognition-tech\/\">recognize faces<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/politics\/department-of-homeland-security-intensifies-surveillance-in-immigration-raids-sweeping-in-citizens\">query databases<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>There are two main federal agencies that enforce immigration laws: Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Border Protection, which are both under the Department of Homeland Security. <\/p>\n<p>One important distinction between those agencies is that, although they often work together, they have different mandates for where they operate. CBP officers and agents generally enforce immigration laws and can conduct warrantless stops, <a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1357&amp;num=0&amp;edition=prelim\">by federal law<\/a>, within <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-8\/chapter-I\/subchapter-B\/part-287\/section-287.1\">100 air miles<\/a> of U.S. land borders and coastlines. They also operate at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbp.gov\/border-security\/ports-entry\">more than 300<\/a> land, air and sea ports.<\/p>\n<p>ICE officers and agents enforce immigration laws within the country. When asking sources questions about ICE and CBP, it\u2019s helpful to know the mandates and authorities of those agencies, and to be precise about the agency you\u2019re talking about.<\/p>\n<p>Keep reading for insights on surveillance technologies, how local and federal agents cooperate and constitutional considerations at play. Plus, five questions based on our interviews with Poyares and Levinson-Waldman that journalists can use to kick off investigations into federal surveillance in their coverage area.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Government data infrastructure has taken decades to develop. AI is now helping power it<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>License plate readers. Facial recognition apps. Interconnected databases. These tools and systems are the product of decades of government and private investment. They exist because of policy and procurement choices made over decades &#8212; choices that journalists can scrutinize.<\/p>\n<p>For example, federal immigration agents <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/cbp-ice-dhs-mobile-fortify-face-recognition-verify-identity\/\">have reportedly used<\/a> facial recognition software called Mobile Fortify to scan the faces of both citizens and non-citizens.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMobile Fortify runs on a mobile device and can capture facial images, contactless fingerprints, and photographs of identity documents,\u201d according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/26_0128_mgmt_2025-DHS-AI-Use-Case-Inventory.xlsx\">DHS inventory<\/a> of artificial intelligence technologies its agencies use or are considering using, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/publication\/ai-use-case-inventory-library\">published in January 2026<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The app has been used more than 100,000 times since it was launched in June 2025, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/illinoisattorneygeneral.gov\/News-Room\/Current-News\/001%20-%20Complaint%201.12.26.pdf?language_id=1\">court documents<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2026\/03\/mobile-fortify-face-scan-dhs-kristi-noem-database-technology\/\">cited by Mother Jones<\/a>. According to the DHS inventory, the government purchased the Mobile Fortify system from NEC, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2026\/03\/mobile-fortify-face-scan-dhs-kristi-noem-database-technology\/\">a multinational corporation headquartered in Japan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>After a federal agent captures faces, fingerprints or documents using Mobile Fortify, the app uses AI models owned by CBP to match that information to government records, according to the inventory.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis administration especially has made clear that it wants very few restrictions on how it uses AI in any number of realms,\u201d Levinson-Waldman says.<\/p>\n<p>The Department of Homeland Security is also working toward a unified database of biometric data, including faces and fingerprints, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/dhs-wants-a-single-search-engine-to-flag-faces-and-fingerprints-across-agencies\/\">according to Wired<\/a>. In December 2025, DHS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbp.gov\/newsroom\/national-media-release\/dhs-announces-final-rule-advance-biometric-entry\/exit-program\">authorized<\/a> CBP officers to collect facial biometric data from noncitizens entering or leaving airports, land ports and sea ports.<\/p>\n<p>Systems like Mobile Fortify \u201care only able to operate in the way that they operate because they rely on a larger data sharing and data analytics infrastructure,\u201d Poyares says. \u201cThat has been steadily growing for at least the last 20 years. I think this is a particularly important element that sometimes folks lose sight of.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Some local law enforcement agencies are sharing license plate scanning data with federal agents, according to research and reporting.<\/p>\n<p>A company called Flock Safety produces many of the cameras that scan license plates on U.S. streets. Local law enforcement agencies often use the information to solve crimes. Flock has contracts with more than 5,000 law enforcement agencies, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2026\/02\/17\/nx-s1-5612825\/flock-contracts-canceled-immigration-survillance-concerns\">according to NPR<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>404 Media last year <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/ice-taps-into-nationwide-ai-enabled-camera-network-data-shows\/\">documented<\/a> more than 4,000 instances of local and state police looking up Flock data on behalf of federal law enforcement. Reporters Jason Koebler and Joseph Cox write that, \u201cwhile Flock does not have a contract with ICE, the agency sources data from Flock\u2019s cameras by making requests to local law enforcement.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flocksafety.com\/blog\/does-flock-share-data-with-ice\">January 2026 statement<\/a>, the company <a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-27-at-3.25.01-PM-scaled.png\">said<\/a> \u201cICE does not have direct access to Flock cameras, systems, or data, unless the agencies that control their data expressly and deliberately allow it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Researchers from the University of Washington used records requests to identify eight law enforcement agencies from that state that allowed U.S. Border Patrol access to their Flock license plate reader networks during 2025.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c[T]he fact that the searches occurred raises important questions about compliance with Washington\u2019s Keep Washington Working law, which bars law enforcement agencies across the state from dedicating local resources for purposes of civil immigration enforcement,\u201d the researchers write in an <a href=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2025\/10\/21\/leaving-the-door-wide-open\/\">October 2025 report<\/a> on their findings.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How law enforcement and federal immigration agents cooperate<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Local law enforcement officers, like police and detectives, enforce criminal law.<\/p>\n<p>Federal agents doing immigration enforcement mostly enforce civil law. Someone without proper documentation to be in the U.S. may face civil penalties, such as removal from the country, but not jail time.<\/p>\n<p>(Despite this, ICE was holding <a href=\"https:\/\/tracreports.org\/immigration\/quickfacts\/\">nearly 70,000 people<\/a> awaiting proceedings or removal in \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/detain\/detention-management\">non-punitive<\/a>\u201d detention centers in February. Nearly three-quarters did not have a criminal conviction, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/media\/trac-syracuse-data\/\">Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Those <a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1325&amp;num=0&amp;edition=prelim\">caught entering<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=(title:8%20section:1326\">re-entering<\/a> the country after deportation can face criminal charges. But removal hearings before a judge <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports\/immigration-court-system-explained\">are civil proceedings<\/a>, regardless of any separate criminal charges. Immigrants have a right to a removal hearing and have a right to hire a lawyer, but they don\u2019t have the right to a court-appointed attorney during a removal hearing, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports\/immigration-court-system-explained\">according to a Brennan Center explainer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA full removal hearing about whether an immigrant is removable and eligible for a form of relief like asylum, for example, can be concluded in as little as two or three hours,\u201d writes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/experts\/margy-oherron\">Margy O\u2019Herron<\/a>, a senior fellow at Brennan. \u201cRemoval hearings may take place in person at an immigration court, or some or all of the parties may appear remotely via video conference. Removal hearings generally are open to the public and the press.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>States, counties and cities that have policies limiting local law enforcement cooperation with federal immigration authorities are often called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vera.org\/news\/what-is-a-sanctuary-city\">sanctuary jurisdictions<\/a>. Policies vary by jurisdiction. <\/p>\n<p>The Department of Justice, following an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2025\/05\/02\/2025-07789\/protecting-american-communities-from-criminal-aliens\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2025\/05\/02\/2025-07789\/protecting-american-communities-from-criminal-aliens\">April 2025 executive order<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ag\/us-sanctuary-jurisdiction-list-following-executive-order-14287-protecting-american-communities\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ag\/us-sanctuary-jurisdiction-list-following-executive-order-14287-protecting-american-communities\">published a list<\/a> of states, cities and counties it considers sanctuary jurisdictions. The Department of Homeland Security last May published a more extensive list of sanctuary jurisdictions. That list has since been taken down, but it&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250529215954\/https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sanctuary-jurisdictions\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250529215954\/https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sanctuary-jurisdictions\">archived here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Outside of sanctuary jurisdictions, local-federal cooperation has deepened in recent years across presidential administrations with <a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/287g-the-program-that-lets-state-and-local-police-perform-the-functions-of-federal-immigration-officers\/\">287(g) agreements<\/a>. The program was pared back under President Barack Obama, then revitalized during the terms of President Donald Trump. <\/p>\n<p>The agreements allow state and local law agencies to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1357&amp;num=0&amp;edition=prelim\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1357&amp;num=0&amp;edition=prelim\">perform a function of an immigration officer<\/a>,\u201d under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/laws-and-policy\/legislation\/immigration-and-nationality-act\">Immigration and Nationality Act<\/a>. That specific authority is executed under what are known as task force agreements. ICE has task force agreements with more than 1,000 agencies\u2004\u200bin 32\u2004\u200bstates\u2004\u200band\u2004\u200btwo territories, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/identify-and-arrest\/287g\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/identify-and-arrest\/287g\">according to agency data<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Fourth Amendment and the data broker loophole<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Fourth Amendment <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/constitution\/amendment-4\/\">provides<\/a> the \u201cright of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Courts have historically interpreted the Fourth Amendment as allowing for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/expectation_of_privacy\">reasonable expectation of privacy<\/a>. That expectation does not, however, extend to public spaces.<\/p>\n<p>For example, if you\u2019re walking down a public street, someone else can see which direction you\u2019re headed. Anything an average person could observe in public, so can a law enforcement officer, Levinson-Waldman explains.<\/p>\n<p>Police typically can sit in their vehicles on a public street and stake out your home without a warrant, for example. But police departments are limited by internal rules and resources &#8212; there aren\u2019t enough officers to stake out everyone.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen you have the kind of technology &#8212; whether it\u2019s GPS trackers or all of the cell phone location information or other kinds of things that enable very easy, very cheap surveillance &#8212; it basically evades all of those structural limitations, and at that point does implicate Fourth Amendment protections,\u201d Levinson-Waldman says. \u201cI think there are good arguments that at least some of these kinds of activities violate the Fourth Amendment, but the case law is very much in development.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Combined with the general lack of privacy in public there is something called the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports\/congress-must-close-data-broker-loophole-prohibiting-government-0\">data broker loophole<\/a>. While there are federal protections for certain things, like medical and financial data, there are no broad data privacy protections in the U.S.<\/p>\n<p>That means app companies can and do collect huge amounts of data from users, which the federal government <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2026\/03\/25\/nx-s1-5752369\/ice-surveillance-data-brokers-congress-anthropic\">then buys<\/a> from data brokers that compile that information.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAlthough we and other organizations have argued that effectively enables a runaround around the Fourth Amendment,\u201d Levinson-Waldman says, \u201cthere\u2019s no law prohibiting it, by and large, and the Supreme Court hasn\u2019t yet said that that&#8217;s unconstitutional. Those things in combination really enable a lot of this activity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Data brokers with reported government contracts include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/inside-ices-tool-to-monitor-phones-in-entire-neighborhoods\/\">PenLink<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/how-thomson-reuters-powers-ice-and-palantir\/\">Thomson<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/thomson-reuters-shareholders-demand-investigation-into-ice-contracts\/\">Reuters<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/cbp-signs-clearview-ai-deal-to-use-face-recognition-for-tactical-targeting\/\">Clearview AI<\/a>. Journalists and anyone else can <a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/media\/federal-contract-data-sam-webinar\/\">use SAM.gov<\/a> to start hunting down contracts between data brokers and government entities.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI really think that the media has, right now, a very, very important role to play,\u201d Poyares says.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5 questions journalists can pursue<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><em>Which firms are behind surveillance technologies?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Many surveillance technologies are contracted and not created in-house at government agencies. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/publication\/ai-use-case-inventory-library\">DHS AI Use Case Inventory Library<\/a> is a good place to start looking into which companies are making surveillance technologies.<\/p>\n<p><em>Why is data being gathered?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>How long is data being retained &#8212; and what information systems at other agencies is data being fed into?<\/p>\n<p><em>Which specific technologies are being used to identify protesters and observers?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>When possible, identify and report on the apps and other technologies that federal agents are using in public during protests and other gatherings.<\/p>\n<p><em>How do the technologies work in the field?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Does an agent using an app to identify people in public need to be up close to someone, or can these apps be used from points further away, such as across a street?<\/p>\n<p><em>When <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2025\/jun\/12\/predator-drone-los-angeles-protests\"><em>drones are used to surveil protesters<\/em><\/a><em>, what software do they run on and where is information retained?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhere else was CBP using drones?\u201d Levinson-Waldman asks. \u201cWhat authority did CBP have in the first place to collect that information? I think there is still probably a lot to look into on the drones front.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Further reading<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/epdf\/10.1086\/733431\"><strong>Thoughtlessness in the Age of Homeland Security: Race, Surveillance, and Bureaucratic Violence in Immigration Enforcement<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Dennis Young. Polity, January 2025.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/americandragnet.org\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/americandragnet.org\/\"><strong>American Dragnet: Data-Driven Deportation in the 21st Century<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Georgetown Law Center on Privacy &amp; Technology. Updated May 2025.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10919\/137084\"><strong>Biometric Tracking and Immigration<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Elena Roe. Virginia Tech case study, June 2025.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00380253.2025.2553541\"><strong>The Impacts of Restrictive Interior Immigration Enforcement on Undocumented Immigrants\u2019 Decisions: Self-Deportation Out of Fear?<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Jihye Park and Rene Rocha. The Sociological Quarterly, September 2025.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/privacy-technology-center\/publications\/raiding-the-genome\/\"><strong>Raiding the Genome: How the United States Government Is Abusing Its Immigration Powers to Amass DNA for Future Policing<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Georgetown Law Center on Privacy &amp; Technology. September 2025.<\/p>\n<p>The post <a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/federal-surveillance-tools-tactics-explainer\/\">Federal surveillance tools and tactics: An explainer<\/a> appeared first on <a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\">The Journalist&#039;s Resource<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tA project of Harvard Kennedy School&#8217;s Shorenstein Center, The Journalist\u2019s Resource curates, summarizes and contextualizes high-quality research on newsy public policy topics. Supported by generous grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The National Institute for Health Care Management (NIHCM) Foundation, Lumina Foundation, and individual contributors.<\/p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/donate-journalists-resource\/\" target=\"_blank\">How to make a donation to The Journalist\u2019s Resource<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/federal-surveillance-tools-tactics-explainer\/\" target=\"_blank\">Link to Federal surveillance tools and tactics: An explainer<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Reddit Email As protesters gathered earlier this year in Minneapolis and other U.S. cities in opposition to federal immigration policy, news organizations like 404 Media revealed the tools and tactics that federal officers and agents have been using to monitor citizens and non-citizens. While a small number of news outlets have done &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3],"class_list":["type-post","category-news","tag-journalist-resource","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mypr.co.za\/journalists\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}